Ecohydrological interactions in a boreal fen–swamp complex, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Western Boreal Plain (WBP) comprises a diverse array of wetland types; however, swamps are understudied in the WBP relative to other wetlands, despite their ubiquity. We apply an ecohydrological and GIS‐based research approach at a fen–swamp complex in the WBP to characterize the ecohydrological properties of the varying wetland types and relate these interactions to the hydrologic function of the watershed. In this study, we evaluate 3 years of hydrological monitoring data, with additional hydrochemical, vegetation and remote sensing data. In our analyses, we identified five land types: fen, flat peat swamp and peat margin swamp (peatlands), mineral swamp and upland. Flat peat swamp was distinguished from fen using Ducks Unlimited criteria, stating fens cannot have trees >10 m in height. Little difference in water table variability, groundwater connectivity, vegetation composition and water chemistry were found between flat peat swamp and fen, suggesting that for all practical purposes, they can be considered a single unit and tree height alone cannot be used to differentiate these peatland types. In contrast, peat margin swamps exhibited lower and more variable water tables and consistent downward hydraulic gradients and comprised a mixture of peatland and upland vegetation. Peat margin swamps, however, exhibited similar porewater pH, electrical conductivity and base cation concentrations as upland, flat peat swamp and fen, suggesting that they are well connected hydrologically. Peat margin swamps were also found to modulate subsurface water movement between fen and upland (via reduced transmissivity from lower water tables) and therefore act as distinct ecohydrological units.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".