Non‐linear relationship between remittances and financial development in Jamaica
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We examine the relationship between financial development and remittance inflows (remittances), measured as a share of GDP, within a non‐linear framework in Jamaica over the period 1980 to 2017. By applying the autoregressive distributed lag bound testing approach to cointegration, we arrive at two key results. First, there is a long‐run cointegrating relationship running from remittances to financial development. Second, remittances and financial development are non‐linearly related. Financial development is a U‐shaped function of remittances. As remittances increase, they first have a negative impact on financial development. However, after remittances reach a threshold point, their impact on financial development is positive. Taken together, the results indicate that remittances first substitute for and then complement financial development. We provide important policy suggestions such as those that would increase remittances and those that would incentivize remittance receiving households to use these inflows in the formal financial sector.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it