Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multi-Task Learning (MTL) for text classification takes advantage of the data to train a single shared model with multiple task-specific layers on multiple related classification tasks to improve its generalization performance. We choose pre-trained language models (BERT-family) as the shared part of this architecture. Although they have achieved noticeable performance in different downstream NLP tasks, their performance in an MTL setting for the biomedical domain is not thoroughly investigated. In this work, we investigate the performance of BERT-family models in different MTL settings with Open-I (radiology reports) and OHSUMED (PubMed abstracts) datasets. We introduce the MTLV (Multi-Task Learning Visualizer) library for building Multi-task learning-related architectures which use existing infrastructure (e.g., Hugging Face Transformers and MLflow Tracking). Following previous work in computer vision, we clustered tasks and trained a separate model on each cluster (Grouped Multi-Task Learning (GMTL)). Contextual representation of the class labels (Tasks) and their descriptions was used by the library as features to cluster the tasks. We observed that grouping tasks for training with few models (GMTL) outperforms the MTL also GMTL is computationally more efficient than the STL setting (a separate model is trained for each task).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".