Bird-Arrival Dates and Climate Change, Sherbrooke, Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evidence for earlier spring arrival times of migratory breeding birds is often linked to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. Using data collected and recorded in a research diary, this article documents changes in bird-arrival dates within the city of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. Spring arrival dates of 31 bird species were observed and recorded over a 26-year period, from 1994 to 2019, during a series of 1376 walks along a regular 6.5–7.5-km route. Temperature data for this period were collected from the regional Environment Canada climate station. Arrival dates displayed a strong correlation to changing climate conditions; 28 species had a trend toward arrival dates when correlated to mean temperatures, and this effect was significant in 12 species. Climate change, as indicated by increasing spring temperatures, seems to be having a major influence on the advancement in bird-arrival dates in the spring at this locality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".