Effective Skill Formation: The Missing Link between Capital Investment and Increasing Prosperity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper argues that industrial relations systems play an important role in converting investment into sustainable growth. However, in order to understand this linkage, it is necessary to view skill formation as a key outcome of industrial relations systems. Skill formation is more than simple education or training for a given job. The terms is used here to capture the processes that help workers acquire marketable skills and employability in the broader labour market. It is through effective skill formation that capital flows create sustainable growth. When effective skills formation is absent, investment flows can create employment in the short-run but as market conditions change, the newly created employment can quickly disappear. Effective skill formation, it is argued, mediates between investment and sustainable growth through both equity and efficiency processes occurring within industrial relations systems. Thus, a lack of effective skill formation and absence of voice mechanisms have contributed to the making of the crises although these effects have not been the same in every country. A corollary to this hypothesis is that economies with more effective skill formation processes and greater voice would be the first ones to recover from the crises, other factors held constant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".