Generated Value of Electricity Versus Incurred Cost for Solar Arrays under Conditions of High Solar Penetration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work considers an emerging value-based paradigm for solar generation under high penetration, in light of its conflicting cycles of supply and demand. The resulting swings in electricity prices, in locales such as California, call into question the aim of optimizing solar arrays solely in terms of accumulated electrical power. Thus, this work studies solar arrays in terms of value, as an accumulated product of electrical power and price, where solar arrays that generate greater electrical power over more profitable early- and late-day hours yield improved value. Experimental, theoretical, and economic analyses are given to characterize the industry-standard angled-panel, an alternative V-groove, and a new U-groove array over a 5-year study. The trends and projections suggest that the industry-standard angled-panel array realizes the best value-based performance at present, although it will likely be outperformed in the foreseeable future by the V-groove array.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".