Boeing-Bombardier Trade Dispute: Développements Récents Et Une Indication De L'Importance Croissante Des Accords Régionaux? (Boeing-Bombardier Trade Dispute: Recent Developments and an Indication of the Growing Importance of Regional Agreements?)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
French Abstract: Le 26 janvier 2018, victoire - et tres imprevue - a ete accordee a Bombardier par la US Trade Commission - contre Boeing Co. La decision ne permet pas seulement a Bombardier de vendre ses plus recents avions a US Airlines sans imposer de tarifs eleves, mais a egalement d'autres repercussions en termes de stimulation potentielle de l'economie americaine - ainsi que son importance pour les economies et les gouvernements canadiens et britanniques. Le premier ministre britannique a remarque et salue la decision comme une bonne nouvelle pour l'industrie britannique. Cet article vise non seulement a contribuer a la litterature sur le sujet, mais aussi a souligner comment les recents developpements mondiaux tels que le Brexit et les elections anticipees au Royaume-Uni ont modifie les relations commerciales, mais aussi les repercussions plus generales des accords regionaux et de leur croissance. popularite dans differentes juridictions. English Abstract: On the 26th January 2018, a victory – and very much unanticipated one, was given to Bombardier by the U.S Trade Commission – against Boeing Co. The ruling does not only permit newest jets to be sold by Bombardier to U.S Airlines without heavy tariffs, but also has other repercussions in terms of its potential boost to the US economy – as well as its importance to the Canadian and British economies and governments. The British Prime Minister is said to have remarked and welcomed the decision as one which “is good news for the British industry”. This article aims, amongst other objectives, not only to contribute to the literature on the topic in accentuating how recent global developments such as Brexit and snap elections in the United Kingdom have altered trade relationships, but also highlight broader repercussions of regional agreements and their growing popularity in different jurisdictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".