Mode-based characterisation of swell deformations in a high-plasticity Paleogene clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate prediction of soil deformations is important in unloading as well as loading. Historically, however, the loading scenario has been the most common and thus the most extensively studied phenomenon, leaving unloading less well described. Overconsolidated high-plasticity clays are particularly challenging in this regard due to their complex deformation behaviour that has previously shown two conceptually different unloading behaviours. Based on a series of incremental loading and constant rate of strain compression and swelling tests on folded Røsnæs Clay, these unloading behaviours are unified in a framework as different swell modes, and an additional swell mode is identified. These different modes represent a variation in swell-inhibiting structure, seemingly unrelated to the structure in compression. The use of constant rate of strain tests greatly enhanced the detailed description of stiffness development in each mode, which may be characterised by up to three swell phases. The parameters governing the occurrence of the swell modes are identified along with the variables that define the transition between the swell phases and their detailed development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".