A Coupled Two-Way Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis for the Dynamics of a Partially Confined Cantilevered Pipe Under Simultaneous Internal and External Axial Flow in Opposite Directions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents the results of a coupled two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis of a slender flexible vertical cantilevered pipe hanging concentrically within a shorter rigid tube forming an annulus. The pipe is subjected to internal and annular flows simultaneously. This system has applications in brine production and salt-cavern hydrocarbon storage. In this study, the fluid–structure problem is solved with a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for the fluid domain coupled to a finite element based computational solid mechanics code for the structural domain. The numerical results obtained for the free-end displacement of the central pipe versus the annular/internal flow velocity ratio Uo/Ui are presented and compared with those obtained from experiment. The capability of the numerical model to predict the onset of the experimentally observed flutter instability in the system is also examined. This study provides a better insight into the dynamics of the system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".