CHANGE IN BLOOD CHEMISTRY, PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES, AND APOPTOTIC GENES FOLLOWING METHAMPHETAMINE USE IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a globally heavily abused illicit substance with epidemic levels worldwide. This study aimed to investigate changes in blood chemistry and pro-inflammatory cytokines following methamphetamine use in experimental rats. A total of forty-five female rats were randomly devoted to three equal groups of experimental receiving METH subcutaneously (0.4 mg/kg, in 0.6 mL volume) for 21 days, sham received similarly 0.6 mL normal saline, and the control received 0.6 mL distilled water, identically. The elevated plus-maze test was used to confirm cognitive and anxiety changes following METH use until three weeks. Blood chemistry and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated after METH use until 21 days. The results showed an increase in anxiety. The serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukins of IL-15, IL-17, and adenosine deaminase xanthine oxidase levels were noted. However, white blood cell (WBC) count demonstrated a decreasing trend. There were no other changes in blood chemistry after METH use. It could be observed, however, that methamphetamine increases anxiety and makes some changes in blood chemistry and pro inflammatory cytokines. This study can help make better decisions about the prevention and even treatment of people taking methamphetamine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".