Ring-Oscillator-Based High Accuracy Low Complexity Multichannel Time-to-Digital Converter Architecture for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes and validates a low complexity multichannel ring-oscillator based Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) architecture for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Channels of that TDC are mainly composed of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) configured as embedded memories. The channels share a same ring oscillator. A previously proposed delay tuning method was used to increase the overall accuracy by balancing the TDC channels. Compared to previously reported TDCs, the proposed architecture consumes less resources without degrading performances. A nine-channel TDC was implemented in a Zynq-7 Xilinx FPGA. Single-shot precision of 92.7 ps and accuracy of 92.9 ps were achieved, while consuming 1.49% and 1.31% of the available LUTs and FFs of a ZYNQxc7z010-3clg400 Xilinx FPGA respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".