Low-Profile Electronic Beam-Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Composed of Longitudinal Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel electronic beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is presented in this paper. The proposed LWA was realized on a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Integrating varactor diodes into the ground plane and sweeping their capacitances leads to variations in the propagation constant and main-beam pointing angle. The center frequency was chosen as 27.8 GHz to accommodate 5G mm-wave applications. The length, width, and thickness of the LWA are 148 mm, 24 mm, and 0.127 mm, respectively. Sweeping the varactor diodes’ capacitance leads to a 16° beam-scanning range with a peak realized gain of 8.2 ± 0.2 dBi at 27.8 GHz. The low-profile, small gain variation, electronic beam-scanning, and medium gain are among the features of the proposed LWA that make it a suitable candidate for 5G beam-scanning applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".