Risk factors for Prototheca mastitis on Ontario dairy farms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prototheca spp are unicellular, colorless algae that can cause incurable mastitis in dairy cows. Prototheca mastitis has been reported in many regions including North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Mastitis caused by these algae is rare, and knowledge about the risk factors for Prototheca mastitis is lacking. Anecdotal reports have suggested that improper milking hygiene, unsanitary environmental conditions, and the use of intramammary antimicrobial treatment may influence the development of the disease. However, scientific evidence in support of these risk factors has often been weak because of very small sample sizes or lack of comparison groups. In Ontario, mastitis caused by Prototheca spp appears to be an emerging disease, which leaves veterinarians and farmers with many questions and challenges. The aim of this case-control study was to formally assess herd-level risk factors for Prototheca mastitis on Ontario dairy farms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".