Dynamic Mode Ⅱ fracture behavior of rocks under hydrostatic pressure using the short core in compression (SCC) method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The shear failure of rocks under both a static triaxial stress and a dynamic disturbance is common in deep underground engineering and it is therefore essential for the design of underground engineering to quantitively estimate the dynamic Mode Ⅱ fracture toughness KⅡC of rocks under a triaxial stress state. However, the method for determining the dynamic KⅡC of rocks under a triaxial stress has not been developed yet. With an optimal sample preparation, the short core in compression (SCC) method was designed and verified in this study to measure the dynamic KⅡC of Fangshan marble (FM) subjected to different hydrostatic pressures through a triaxial dynamic testing system. The formula for calculating the dynamic KⅡC of the rock SCC specimen under hydrostatic pressures was obtained by using the finite element method in combination with secondary cracks. The experimental results indicate that the failure mode of the rock SCC specimen under a hydrostatic pressure is the shear fracture and the KⅡC of FM increases as the loading rate. In addition, at a given loading rate the dynamic rock KⅡC is barely affected by hydrostatic pressures. Another important observation is that the dynamic fracture energy of FM enhances with loading rates and hydrostatic pressures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".