Light-Triggered Release of Large Biomacromolecules from Porphyrin-Phospholipid Liposomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liposomes containing small amounts of porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP) have been shown to encapsulate small molecular weight cargos and then release them upon exposure to red light. A putative mechanism involves transient pore formation in the bilayer induced by PoP-mediated photo-oxidation of unsaturated lipids. However, little is known about the properties of such pores. This study assesses whether large carbohydrate and protein molecules could be released from PoP liposomes upon red light exposure. A small fluorophore with ∼0.5 kDa in molecular weight, fluorescently labeled dextrans of ∼5 and ∼500 kDa, and a ∼240 kDa fluorescent protein were passively entrapped in PoP liposomes. When exposed to 665 nm irradiation, liposomes containing PoP, but not liposomes lacking it, released all these cargos in a size-dependent manner that occurred with oxidation of unsaturated lipids included in the bilayer. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of light-triggered release of large biomacromolecules from liposomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".