A Binary Decomposition and Transmission Schemes for the Peak-Constrained IM/DD Channel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper develops a binary decomposition for the peak-constrained intensity-modulation with direct-detection (IM/DD) channel. Then, it uses this decomposition, which we call a Vector Binary Channel (VBC), to propose simple binary coding schemes. The VBC consists of$N$bit-pipes and, different from the Avestimehr-Diggavi-Tse linear deterministic model, captures interactions between bit-pipes thus preserves capacity. Two practical coding schemes are then designed for the VBC. The first is an Independent Coding scheme which encodes independently and decodes successively while ignoring the dependence between noises on different bit-pipes. The second improves upon the first by exploiting the knowledge of noises on previously decoded bit-pipes as a state for the current decoding operation. The achievable rates of the schemes are compared numerically with capacity, and shown to perform well with the second scheme approaching capacity for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 2.5 dB. The schemes can be implemented using practical capacity-achieving codes for the binary symmetric channel (BSC) such as polar codes. Methods to improve the schemes at low-SNR are discussed towards the end of the paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".