Formation of metal–semiconductor nanowire heterojunctions by nanosecond laser irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laser nano-joining has emerged as a preferred technique for better device performance as it can result in stronger mechanical contacts and enhance the electrical properties between nanocomponents. It is often used to bond metallic nanostructures, but there is little information available on the applicability of the corresponding processes for creating hybrid bonds between metal and semiconductor nanomaterials. In this article, we show that Nd:YAG nanosecond (ns) laser irradiation is an effective tool for use in the nano-joining of metal–semiconductor nanowire (NW) combinations. We show that photothermal, electron–hole pair creation and plasmonic effects combine to facilitate nano-joining with Nd:YAG ns laser radiation, producing similar interfacial structures to those occurring under femtosecond laser irradiation. We find that Nd:YAG laser irradiation is effective in the production of bonds between Ag–TiO2 and Ag–CuO NW structures but that the detailed mechanism involved in the creation of these bonds depends on the bandgap energy of the semiconductor NW. Direct heating of the semiconductor through photoexcitation of excitons and electron transfer to the conduction band is significant in the Nd:YAG laser nano-joining of low bandgap materials such as CuO. Coupling of surface plasmon resonance energy to electrical carriers in the semiconductor NW at the Ag-semiconductor interface is found to be important in all hybrid systems, including those involving a wide bandgap material such as TiO2. Since the Nd:YAG ns laser is widely available, these results suggest that nano-joining of heterogeneous materials with ns laser pulses is a practical alternative to joining with ultrashort laser radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".