Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we investigate the quantity mq:=minχ≠χ0|L′/L(1,χ)|, as q→∞ over the primes, where L(s,χ) is the Dirichlet L-function attached to a non-principal Dirichlet character modulo q. Our main result shows that mq≪ log log q/ log q. We also compute mq for every odd prime q up to 107. As a consequence we numerically verified that for every prime q, 3≤q≤107, we have c1/q<mq<5/q, with c1=21/200. In particular, this shows that L′(1,χ)≠0 for every non-principal Dirichlet character χ mod q where 3≤q≤107 is prime, answering a question of Gun, Murty and Rath in this range. We also provide some statistics and scatter plots regarding the mq-values. The programs used and the computational results described here are available at the following web address: https://www.math.unipd.it/~languasc/smallvalues.html.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".