Bacterial Communities in the Glenmore Reservoir with an emphasis on the Cyanobacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lakes and reservoirs play an essential role as a source for freshwater that can be potable after proper treatment, or for irrigation to meet the water needs of the population, industry, and agriculture. However, freshwaters bodies face significant challenges (including pollutant loads and climate change) that may lead to water quality degradation; among these are taste and odour events and harmful bacterial blooms. In Calgary, Alberta, Canada, runoff from agriculture and residential development in urbanized watersheds also contributes to water quality deterioration in the Elbow River, which flows into the Glenmore Reservoir and serves as one of the primary sources of drinking water for the city. While harmful algal blooms (i.e., Cyanobacteria) have not occurred in the Glenmore Reservoir historically, increased pressures (e.g., stormwater discharges, potential erosion and runoff after wildfire) on source water quality in the city’s wildfire-prone source watersheds have the potential to increase nutrient (especially bioavailable phosphorus) loading to the reservoir; this can promote algal blooms (City of Calgary, 2018). Therefore, to enable identification of source water quality shifts and treatment challenges that may impact the provision of adequate amounts of safe drinking water, it is important to monitor both water quality and bacterial and cyanobacterial communities within the reservoir. This research focused on identifying and detecting the bacterial and cyanobacterial communities that present in oligotrophic Glenmore Reservoir in Calgary, AB. The 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to investigate bacterial and cyanobacterial composition in the reservoir and detect any problematic taxa that may lead to concerns regarding the quality of the drinking water. Major findings revealed that Actinobacteria, which are known to produce geosmin and 2-MIB (taste and odour compounds), were the second most dominant phylum and may be metabolically active residents due to their adaptation to nutrient-poor environments and thus potential sources of T&O (taste and odour). In addition, sequences from the cyanobacterial community matched two potential toxin-producing genera: Synechococcus sp. and Planktothrix agardhii. This preliminary analysis can provide baseline information against which subsequent, more detailed investigations of reservoir bacterial and cyanobacterial communities may be compared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".