Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that Catalan and Spanish(or Castillan) belong to romance languages and are then etymologically related. But two languages’ time expressions differ significantly with respect to the use of the quarters: in Catalan, ‘1:15’ is ‘Es un quart de dues.(literal translation: (It) is a quarter of two)’, but in Spanish ‘Es la una y cuarto.(literal translation: (It) is the one and quarter)’. The Catalan traditional way of telling the time is based on counting the quarters to the next time. Based on these phenomena, we will try to show that Catalan traditional time-telling expressions with ‘quart(quarter)’ are derived from the extended projection including Place and Rel(ative)View categories (cf. Cinque & Rizzi(2010), Di Sciullo & Manuel-Echvarria(2017)) and the noun ‘quart’ behaves as a polarity item licensed by the aforementioned mechanism with Progressive view.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".