'State Succession to BITs: Analysis of Case Law in the Context of Dissolution and Secession'
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The question of State succession to BITs has recently gained some attention by scholars as a result of an increasing number of cases dealing with the issue. This article examines awards decided in the context of dissolution of State and secession. My analysis shows that while many tribunals in the context of the dissolution of Czechoslovakia have not explained why a new State could be considered to be bound by obligations arising from a treaty entered into by another State, many others have correctly explained that treaty continuation was the result of exchange of letters between the States concerned. In the context of the secession of Montenegro and the break-up of the USSR, tribunals have also correctly affirmed that the continuing State remains bound by the treaties that had been entered into before the date of succession. No tribunal has therefore endorsed the principle of automatic succession to bilateral treaties set out under Article 34 of the 1978 Vienna Convention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.041 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".