Microstructural evolution during tempering of an ausformed carbide-free low temperature bainitic steel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of tempering at 400 and 500 °C on two bainitic ferrite microstructures obtained via pure isothermal transformation and ausforming followed by the isothermal transformation was studied in a medium C-Si rich bainitic steel. To understand the dilatometric behaviour and mechanisms of carbide-free bainite decomposition, extensive microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness measurements were conducted. The softening due to tempering at 400 °C was negligible for both microstructures. Tempering at 500 °C led to a remarkable contraction in dilatometric signal in an ausformed sample, while a pure isothermal sample showed slight contraction. The main mechanism governing microstructural changes during tempering at 500 °C was the decomposition of as-ausformed highly dislocated bainitic ferrite plates and/or film-like retained austenite into cementite and ferrite as a result of enhanced carbon diffusion. While tempering at 400 °C did not result in changes in the size of the bainitic plates, the higher tempering temperature of 500 °C led to a thickening of the bainitic ferrite plates for both testing conditions. However, the thickening was restricted in the ausformed bainite, which was related to the pinning effect of very small cementite precipitates, which moderate the tempering effects on hardness reduction.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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