Cohort Characteristics and Factors Associated With Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Canada Using Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: COMPASS is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study collecting data annually from students attending high school in jurisdictions across Canada. We aimed to discover significant frequent/rare associations of behavioral factors among Canadian adolescents related to cannabis use.Methods: We use a subset of the COMPASS dataset which contains 18,761 records of students in grades 9 to 12 with 31 selected features (attributes) involving various characteristics, from living habits to academic performance. We then used the Pattern Discovery and Disentanglement (PDD) algorithm to detect strong and rare (yet statistically significant) associations from the dataset.Results: Cohort characteristics and factors associated with cannabis use and other associations detected by PDD show consistent results with common sense and literature surveys. In addition, PDD outperformed methods using other criteria (i.e. support and confidence) popular as reported in the literature. Association results showed that PDD could discover: i) a smaller set of succinct significant associations in clusters; ii) frequent and rare, yet significant, patterns supported by population health relevant study; iii) patterns from a dataset with extremely imbalanced groups (majority class (None-user): minority class (Regular) = 88.3%: 11.7%). Conclusions: Results on the COMPASS dataset have validated PDD’s efficacy in discovering succinct interpretable frequent associations with comprehensive coverage and rare yet significant associations from datasets with extremely imbalanced class distribution without relying on any balancing process. The frequent associations show consistent results with common sense and literature surveys, while the rare patterns show very special cases. The success of PDD on this project indicates that PDD has great potential for population health data analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".