Effects of Obesogenic Feeding and Free Fatty Acids on Circadian Secretion of Metabolic Hormones: Implications for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h internal biological rhythms within organisms that govern virtually all aspects of physiology. Interestingly, metabolic tissues have been found to express cell-autonomous clocks that govern their rhythmic activity throughout the day. Disruption of normal circadian rhythmicity, as induced by environmental factors such as shift work, significantly increases the risk for the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. More recently, obesogenic feeding and its fatty acid components have also been shown to be potent disruptors of normal circadian biology. Two key hormones that are released in response to nutrient intake are the anti-diabetic incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, from intestinal L cells, and insulin secreted by pancreatic β cells, both of which are required for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. This review will focus on the circadian function of the L and β cells and how both obesogenic feeding and the saturated fatty acid, palmitate, affect their circadian clock and function. Following introduction of the core biological clock and the hierarchical organization of the mammalian circadian system, the circadian regulation of normal L and β cell function and the importance of GLP-1 and insulin in establishing metabolic control are discussed. The central focus of the review then considers the circadian-disrupting effects of obesogenic feeding and palmitate exposure in L and β cells, while providing insight into the potential causative role in the development of metabolic disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".