Effect of cranberry pomace on the physicochemical properties and inactivation of Salmonella during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of cranberry pomace (CP) incorporation on S. enterica serovars inactivation, starter culture population, and physicochemical properties of sausages during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages (DFS) was studied. Sausages containing a five-strain cocktail of S. enterica serovars at 7-log CFU/g, with different levels of CP (control, 0%; low, 0.55%; medium, 1.70%; high, 2.25% wt/wt), or liquid lactic acid (0.33% vol/wt, LA) were subjected to typical fermentation and drying conditions. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in initial pH was observed in all CP treatments on day 0 as a result of CP native acidity. All treatments except low CP showed a significantly lower pH than the control throughout the study. Water activity (aw) was not significantly affected by CP level during fermentation. However, sausages containing medium and high CP levels showed a significantly lower final product aw than the control. DFS with CP exhibited a significantly (P < 0.05) faster and greater Salmonella inactivation during the first 5 days; reduction rate and level directly correlated to CP level. In the presence of medium and high levels of CP, Staphylococcus spp. growth was suppressed, while Lactobacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. exhibited a stimulatory response. All treatments except low CP had no significant effect on product chemical composition, and Moisture Protein ratio (MPr). Low CP level yielded DFS with a slightly higher (P < 0.05) moisture content and MPr. Medium and high CP levels resulted in darker, duller and redder DFS with a softer texture. Findings suggest that low CP levels can be utilized by DFS manufacturers as a natural functional ingredient to further minimize the risk associated with Salmonella during DFS production without altering final product characteristics.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it