F21 On the association between apathy and deficits of social cognition and executive functions in huntington’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Apathy can be considered a deficit in goal-directed behaviour. Impairments of social cognition and dysfunction in more classical processes of goal-directed behaviour may constitute the basis of apathy in Huntington’s Disease. Aims To investigate if deficits of executive functions and social cognition were associated with apathy in a large cohort of Huntington’s Disease gene expansion carriers. Methods Eighty premanifest and motor-manifest Huntington’s Disease gene expansion carriers (Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥ 24 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≥ 19) and thirty-two controls were examined with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale, a tailored and quantitative measure of apathy, and a comprehensive cognitive battery on executive functions and social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind, and sarcasm detection), as well as general correlates like demographic variables, and neuropsychiatric and cognitive screening tests. Results The motor-manifest participants had significantly higher apathy scores, compared to premanifest and control participants (p = .009, p = .001 respectively). Apathy was significantly correlated with most executive test scores (all p < .05), and the emotion recognition test (rho = -.27, p = .014). In a multiple stepwise regression model with the emotion recognition test, the semantic fluency test and scores of motor function and depression entered as independent variables and the apathy score as the dependent variable, the scores of motor function (b = 0.14, p = .003) and depression (b = 0.41, p = .034) were the only significant predictors of apathy. No cognitive test score could significantly predict apathy. Conclusions Despite being significantly correlated with apathy, cognitive variables did not have a significant impact on apathy, when depression and motor function were accounted for. Apathy should be considered an independent symptom of Huntington’s Disease, that requires specific examination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".