Glycerol Oxidation Pairs with Carbon Monoxide Reduction for Low-Voltage Generation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>3</sub> Product Streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to multicarbon products provides the storage of renewable energy in the form of chemical bonds, as well as a means to displace fossil sources of chemical feedstocks. However, the accompanying anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reduces the energy efficiency of the process without providing a salable product. Replacing OER with alternative organic oxidation reactions (OORs) is an emerging strategy to reduce the full-cell potential and generate valuable products on both sides of the cell. We pursue carbon monoxide reduction that avoids carbonate formation and benefits from highly alkaline anode conditions favorable for OOR. This coelectrolysis strategy achieves a cathodic C 2+ product stream (71% FE) and an anodic C 3 product stream (75% FE) at 180 mA cm –2 with a full-cell potential of 1.34 V. The integrated system reduces the CO-to-C 2 H 4 energy requirement by 55% (to ∼72 GJ/ton_C 2 H 4 ), halving the projected energy cost of ethylene production from CO 2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".