Theoretical analysis of backscattering in hollow-core antiresonant fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis into the fundamental physical mechanisms contributing to backscattering in hollow-core antiresonant fibers. We consider Rayleigh scattering originating from the hollow regions of the fiber, which may be filled with gases, Rayleigh scattering from within the glass membranes, as well as the contribution from scattering at the glass surfaces. We derive expressions for the backscattering coefficient into any specified guided mode for an arbitrary excitation. These lead to general scaling relations with the core size and wavelength, which are found to be the key parameters for backscattering, regardless of the exact antiresonant geometry. For a nested antiresonant hollow-core fiber with a core diameter of 35 µm, the only antiresonant fiber geometry for which the experimental data are available in the literature, we find that the surface-scattering limited backscattering coefficient of the fundamental mode into itself is nearly 40 dB below that of a single mode fiber, in good agreement with recently published measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".