A Survey of Millimeter-Wave Communication: Physical-Layer Technology Specifications and Enabling Transmission Technologies
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, which offer abundant underutilized spectral resources, have been explored and exploited in the past several years to meet the requirements of emerging wireless services highlighted by high data rates, ultrareliability, and ultralow delivery latency. Yet, the unique characteristics of mmWave, e.g., continuous wide bandwidth, large path, and penetration losses, along with hardware constraints, call for innovative technologies for mmWave communication. Recently, an extensive amount of work on mmWave communication has been carried out by researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry, and various technologies have been developed for mmWave communication systems to fulfill the full potential of mmWave frequency bands. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of the standardization of mmWave communication, the latest progress and outcomes of the research on mmWave communication technologies, and the emerging applications of mmWave communication. In particular, we provide a timely and in-depth summary of the state-of-the-art technology specifications of mmWave communication with an emphasis on the physical (PHY) layer. Then, we elaborate on a number of well-established or promising antenna architectures in mmWave communication systems and investigate the enabling PHY layer transmission technologies. Finally, we show some existing and emerging applications of mmWave communication and discuss the potential open research issues.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it