Lockdown 2.0 In Malaysia: Evaluating Forecast Performance of Goods Export with Box-Jenkins Methodology and ARIMA Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to model the forecast of Malaysia's export of goods using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) modelling with Box-Jenkins method. The time-series concerned is from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2021 based on the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) data. The empirical analysis focuses on the five criteria for consideration towards the best model: high significant coefficient, high adjusted R-squared value, low sigma squared value, low Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and low Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC). The study showed that ARIMA (2,1,2) would be the best model to forecast Malaysian export of goods from the second quarter of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2022. The quarterly forecast opined the performance rate of Malaysian goods export to be at a stable positive rate of 4.9% throughout 2022, indicating the economic recovery progress that Malaysia would acquire from its vaccination programme and Movement Control Order (MCO) done in the previous year. The annual forecast showed a more precise value after comparing the actual and forecast growth value of exports in 2021. This finding is further supported with qualitative analysis about the validity of the forecast values via reports released by sources such as World Bank and Focus Economics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".