Indirect measurement of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>sin</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(or<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>) using<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>pairs from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>bosons produced in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo accent="true" stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+X$ through an intermediate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}/Z$boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ as a function of the invariant mass of the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair is used to obtain the effective leptonic determination ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\text{lept}}$ of the electroweak-mixing parameter ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$, from which the value of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ is derived assuming the standard model. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to $9.2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity from $p\overline{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\text{eff}}^{\text{lept}}$ is found to be $0.2315\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010$, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined in quadrature. When interpreted within the context of the standard model using the on-shell renormalization scheme, where ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=1\ensuremath{-}{M}_{W}^{2}/{M}_{Z}^{2}$, the measurement yields ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}=0.2233\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0009$, or equivalently a $W$-boson mass of $80.365\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.047\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. The value of the $W$-boson mass is in agreement with previous determinations in electron-positron collisions and at the Tevatron collider.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.146 | 0.091 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".