Transient Behaviour Of A Freezing Pcm In A Uniformly Cooled Circular Cavity
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Latent heat thermal energy storage systems, in which the storage media undergoes a change of phase, have advantages over equivalent sensible heat-based energy storage systems. The energy density associated with latent heat systems is greater, which allows for smaller volumes. The near-isothermal nature of phase change narrows the necessary range of operating temperatures compared to a sensible heat system. Furthermore, the availability of phase change materials (PCMs) over a wide range of melting temperatures allows system designers to tailor the system for many applications over a variety of temperature ranges. For example, paraffins are common for low-temperature operation, and molten salts can be used for high-temperature operation. Despite the advantages, the complex nature of the phase change process inhibits the ability to design efficient solid-liquid systems, which is problematic as the low thermal conductivity of PCMS is a major barrier to make these types of storage competitive. Phase change in spherical geometry is of particular interest, as many of the most efficient methods to increase heat transfer to PCMs involve many spherical cavities within a material of relatively high conductivity. Many of the previous studies in the literature use the size and position of the solid-liquid interface to compare to a model of one-dimensional conduction. However, there is a lack of high-resolution experimental temperature data and little information on the flow behaviour in the liquid regime.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it