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Record W3199856749 · doi:10.5210/spir.v2021i0.12240

WHICH HUMAN FACES CAN AN AI GENERATE? LACK OF DIVERSITY IN THIS PERSON DOES NOT EXIST

2021· article· en· W3199856749 on OpenAlex
Lucas Nunes Sequeira, Bruno Moreschi, Vinicius Ariel Arruda dos Santos

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLaw in Society and Culture
Canadian institutionsArtificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceGenerative grammarFace (sociological concept)Python (programming language)Artificial intelligenceDiversity (politics)Programming languageSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this abstract we show the results of an interdisciplinary research in which we audit fake human faces generated by the website This Person Does Not Exist (TPDNE), and discuss how this system can help perpetuate normativities supported by a dependency on a limited database. Our analysis is centered on the “default generic face” that we created by overlapping random samples of fake human faces generated by TPDNE's algorithms – a version of Generative Adversarial Network, the StyleGAN2. To carry these experiments, we built a database with 4100 fake human faces taken from TPDNE via web scraping; we analysed them through a Python language script; and discussed behaviours identified in results. Our analyses are based on the use of images, called “cluster-images”, created from this overlapping of N arbitrary fake human faces by the TPDNE's algorithm. Our experiments showed that, independently of the group of fake human faces sampled, the same generic white face always appeared as a result. These results intrigue particularly because the lack of diversity of TPDNE's generated faces is not a mere problem to be fixed in this system in this digital infrastructure, but a dynamic of reinforcing standards that historically regulate bodies, territories and practices.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.379
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.130
GPT teacher head0.407
Teacher spread0.277 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it