Increasing the Quality and Diversity of Ontario Cider Through Characterization of Novel Saccharomyces Yeast and Nitrogen Supplementation Regimens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cider has experienced a rise in popularity in the province of Ontario. Industrial fermentation of dessert apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) by domesticated Saccharomyces wine yeast is the preferred production method of Ontario cideries. Here, four novel Saccharomyces yeasts were isolated and characterized based on their ability to ferment apple must. The fermentation kinetics of all four novel strains were also compared under five different nitrogen supplementation regimens. The isolates differed in their consumption of cider sugars although all successfully completed fermentations. Supplementing with amino acids or diammonium phosphate (DAP) caused an increase in must attenuation compared to no nitrogen addition. The addition of amino acids or DAP 72 hours into the fermentation enabled several isolates and industrial yeasts to increase the production of fruity-associated flavour compounds such as higher alcohols and esters. Overall, the findings provide Ontario cideries with new resources to sustain continued growth of the already burgeoning industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".