Electrospun Polystyrene and Acid-Treated Cellulose Nanocrystals with Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for N95-Equivalent Filters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted a global need and shortage of face masks and respirators. Electrospinning of polystyrene and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is used to fabricate filter materials exceeding N95 standards set by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety. The desired filtration efficiency and pressure drop are achieved from filters with varying amounts of input material. The water contact angle, fiber morphology, and surface potential are reported to explain the enhancements in filtration performance after the addition of CNCs or application of intense pulsed light (IPL). The improved durability in the form of increased mechanical properties and lower pressure drop after testing are also examined. The samples exhibited filtration efficiencies greater than 99% and an initial pressure drop as low as 231 Pa. The combination of CNCs and IPL shows the potential to use thinner membranes with less material to achieve comparable filtration performance, which may result in lower manufacturing costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".