On the Performance of HAPS-assisted Hybrid RF-FSO Multicast Communication Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multicast routing is considered a promising approach for real-time applications to address the massive data traffic demands. In this work, we study the outage probability of a multicast downlink communication network for non-terrestrial communication systems. More precisely, we propose two practical use-cases. In the former model, we propose a high altitude platform station (HAPS) aided mixed radio frequency (RF)/ free-space optical (FSO)/RF communication scheme where a terrestrial ground station intends to communicate with a cluster of nodes through two stratospheric HAPS systems. In the latter model, we assume that the line of sight (LOS) connectivity is inaccessible between the two HAPS systems due to high attenuation caused by large propagation distances. Thereby, we propose a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-aided mixed RF/FSO/FSO/RF communication. For the proposed scenarios, outage probability expressions are derived and validated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations under different conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".