Ultrasound assessment of the posterolateral elbow ulnohumeral gap in normal subjects with and without posterolateral drawer testing
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Posterolateral rotator instability (PLRI) is the most common pattern of recurrent elbow instability, and current imaging to aid PLRI diagnosis is limited. Thus, we sought to define use of ultrasound (US) to determine normal lateral ulnohumeral joint measurements, with and without posterolateral drawer testing to provide an insight into how US may aid diagnosis. Methods: Sixty elbows were evaluated in thirty healthy volunteers. The lateral ulnohumeral gap (LUHG) was measured with US in the resting position while the posterolateral drawer stress test maneuver was applied. Joint laxity was calculated as the difference between maximum stress and average rest measurements. Two independent readers assessed each elbow with comparison performed between stress and rest positions. Results: = .0002). At rest, median LUHG values were 2.31 mm and 2.05 mm for readers 1 and 2 respectively, while at stress 2.88 mm and 2.9 mm for readers 1 and 2. Median joint laxity was 0.8 mm for reader 1 and 1.1 mm for reader 2. Pearson correlation was r = 0.457 (absolute intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.608) while under stress and r = 0.308 (absolute intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.417) at rest. Median joint laxity demonstrated a Pearson correlation of r = 0.161 and absolute intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.252. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a dynamic US assessment for PLRI, which aimed to assess the usefulness and feasibility of a laxity measurement after the application of a posterolateral drawer stress maneuver in a healthy population. Although establishing concordance between readers in measuring an LUHG under stress, the utility of a laxity measurement alone is not clear as correlation of measurements is not excellent; hence, an upper limit of normal for the ulnohumeral gap under stress may be more useful. Further evaluation of this technique is required in patients with PLRI.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it