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Record W3200829091 · doi:10.24926/19441992.362

U.S.-Canadian Grain Disputes

2000· article· de· W3200829091 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Won W. Koo, Ihn H. Uhm

Bibliographic record

VenueMinnesota journal of international law · 2000
Typearticle
Languagede
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEuropean and International Law Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The CUSTA created a free trade area comprised of Canada and the United States.The objectives of the Agreement are to eliminate barriers to trade in goods and services between the two countries; facilitate conditions of fair competition within the free-trade area; liberalize significantly conditions for investment within this free-trade area; establish effective procedures for the joint administration of this Agreement and the resolution of disputes; and lay the foundation for further bilateral and multilateral cooperation to expand and enhance the benefits of this Agreement.The CUSTA established rules of origin for determining whether goods were "originating" and entitled to CUSTA benefits.Tariffs were to have been eliminated on all goods by January 1, 1998.See generally INT'L TRADE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, DEP'T OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, THE CANADA-U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (1987).3. The NAFTA created a free trade area that encompasses Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. In a nutshell, the basic format of NAFTA closely follows that of the CUSTA and a number of provisions of NAFTA have been designed to rectify difficulties experienced under the CUSTA.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.904
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0200.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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