Phytochemical constituents of the fruits of <i>Kelussia odoratissima</i> Mozaff., an aromatic plant endemic to Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. from Apiaceae family is a perennial herbaceous plant endemic to the west of Iran. The aromatic aerial parts of this species are traditionally used by indigenous people to flavor some local foods, as well as for various therapeutic purposes. Objective: The present study was designed to analyze phenolic compounds and essential oil constituents of K. odoratissima fruits. Methods: The n-butanol fraction obtained from hydroalcoholic extract of K. odoratissima fruits was investigated by chromatography on normal phase and Sephadex LH-20 columns. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were clarified by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectral analyses. Essential oil constituents of the fruits were also analyzed using GC-MS. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the K. odoratissima fruits resulted in the isolation of five flavonol glycosides; isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (1), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercetin) (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside (narcissin) (3), isorhamnetin 3-O-glucuronide (4) and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (mequilianin) (5). GC-MS analysis of the fruits essential oil led to the identification of the thirty six compounds, of which (Z)-ligustilide (15.93 %), δ-cadinene (12.26 %) and germacrene D (12.18 %) were the main compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study introduce K. odoratissima fruits as a source of flavonoid glycosides and phthalate derivatives. The presence of these compounds with known biological properties and health beneficial effects provides more medicinal potentials for the fruits of K. odoratissima and suggest it an appropriate option for further studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".