Functional outcomes and user preferences of individuals with transfemoral amputations using two types of knee joints in under-resourced settings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information relating to prosthetic performance can inform clinical practice and improve patient outcomes in under-resourced countries. OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this study was to compare functional outcomes and user preferences of individuals with transfemoral amputations using common types of knee joints in an under-resourced country. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, before and after trial. METHODS: Twenty individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputations from a center in Cambodia transitioned from a commonly used single-axis manually locking knee International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to a more advanced multiaxis knee joint with stance control All-Terrain Knee (ATK). Data were collected for the ICRC knee joint and the ATK immediately after fitting, after acclimation, and as part of a long-term follow-up. A timed walk test assessed walking distance and efficiency. Mobility and user-preferences were evaluated through questionnaires. RESULTS: Distance during the timed walk test was significantly higher for the ATK compared with ICRC (P < 0.001), with functional gains retained at follow-up. No differences were found for gait efficiency and the mobility questionnaires. All participants, except one, preferred the ATK prosthesis. Benefits included greater knee stability and fewer perceived knee collapses; however, some disliked the appearance of the ATK. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest positive outcomes with prosthetic services in under-resourced regions and the ICRC system, as well as the potential for improved functional outcomes with more advanced multiaxis knee components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".