Thallium isotopic measurements of Gujo-Hachiman and Ubara, Japan and Opal Creek, Canada and thallium isotopic model results across the Permian-Triassic transition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compilation of the thallium isotopic data (along with previously published geochemical information) from organic-rich shales across the end-Permian mass extinction event, covering the latest Permian and earliest Triassic. Samples are from the Ubara and Gujo-Hachiman outcrops in Japan and Opal Creek outcrop in Alberta, Canada. The thallium isotopic analysis was done to constrain changes in global deoxygenation across the extinction event and link marine anoxia to the extinction. Analyses were done following thallium column chemistry and subsequent measurement on a Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Modeling of the thallium isotopes was done using a forward geochemical box model in the Stella modeling program. This was used to determine the changes in extent of oxic seafloor necessary to induce the resultant compiled thallium isotope record from the aforementioned sections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".