Spectroelectrochemical Detection of Water Dissociation in Bipolar Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potentials at which water dissociation occurs in bipolar membranes (BPM) and the relationship between water dissociation and current–voltage curve characteristics are explored using a novel spectroelectrochemical approach in which an anion exchange membrane is doped with a pH indicator. Using this method, we visually detect a pH change in the BPM resulting from OH – formed during the water dissociation reaction. The color change is measured with a UV/vis spectrometer, while electrochemical characterization of the BPM is performed simultaneously. Additional measurements were performed on BPMs with varying anion and cation exchange membrane layer thickness. Our measurements provide direct evidence of water dissociation occurring within a BPM at cross-membrane potentials below 0.5 V, within the first limiting current density region. We also show that the effects of changing bulk anion and cation exchange layer thickness is highly dependent on the permselectivity of these layers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".