An Integrated RF-Powered Wake-Up Wireless Transceiver With –26 dBm Sensitivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a fully RF-powered wireless transceiver integrating an efficient RF energy harvester (RFEH), a Wake-up Receiver (WuRx), and a Wake-up Transmitter (WuTx) on a single CMOS chip. The WuRx is designed to operate with supply voltages as low as 300 mV allowing to be entirely powered up by the RF energy at power levels as low as −26 dBm. The capability of the WuRx to operate without using a power management unit (PMU) enhances the sensitivity and overall conversion efficiency of the RFEH system. By utilizing an ultralow-power ultralow-voltage envelope detector to obtain the required signal levels, using passive amplification instead of an active low-noise amplifier, and eliminating the voltage regulator removing its power overhead, the transceiver’s input sensitivity has been improved at least by a factor 2 (3 dB) compared to the other previously reported RF-powered transceivers. The proposed transmitter consists of a fast start-up oscillator and an efficient class E power amplifier, which can be externally tuned for different output powers. Fabricated in the TSMC’s 130-nm CMOS process, the measurement results show that the proposed WuRx consuming only 5.7 nW works with input powers as low as −26 dBm, and the proposed transmitter can work with input powers as low as −23 dBm. The WuTx outputs −11 dBm with 51% efficiency at 2.45 GHz using high-Q off-chip components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".