First report of rust on onion caused by <i>Puccinia allii</i> in Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In August 2018, rust was observed on onions (Allium cepa) grown in Dalseong, South Korea. In the field where the rust occurred, the disease incidence exceeded 60%. The urediniospores produced on diseased leaves were globose to ellipsoid and 20‒30 × 20‒28 μm in size. They had a thick outer wall (1‒2 μm) and many spines were apparent on the surface under light microscopy. When the uredinium was mature, the epidermis of the onion leaf ruptured to expose many yellow to dark red urediniospores, appearing as a powder. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirmed that the isolate was Puccinia allii. Based collectively on the morphological characteristics and molecular identification, the causal fungus was identified as P. allii. This is the first report of rust caused by P. allii on onion in Korea, a disease that may constitute a serious threat to production of this crop in Korea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".