Phenology of Bean Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Ontario, Canada and Field Validation of a Degree-Day Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phenology and voltinism of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), were examined in three counties in 2010 and two counties in 2011 in Ontario soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields. Soil samples from within cages containing field-collected beetles revealed one cycle of eggs, larvae, and pupae. Observed degree-day (DD) accumulations for C. trifurcata life stage events (egg hatch, egg hatch to pupation, and oviposition to peak adult) in field experiments were compared with thermal constants determined in a temperature-dependent development laboratory experiment where C. trifurcata were reared under five constant temperatures. Observed and predicted DDs for all life stage events were nearly identical. Mean DD accumulations from first oviposition to peak adult emergence in the field studies was 589 ± 67 DD (base 10.3°C), which was nearly identical to the model prediction (581 ± 40 DD, base 10.3°C).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".