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Record W3202835125 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v74i4.3192

Burnout among Hospital Pharmacists: Prevalence, Self-Awareness, and Preventive Programs in Pharmacy School Curricula

2021· article· en· W3202835125 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Colby Weichel, Joan S Lee, Justin Y. Lee

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversityHamilton Health SciencesMcMaster Divinity CollegeUniversity Health Network
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchHamilton Health Sciences
KeywordsDepersonalizationBurnoutEmotional exhaustionMedicineFamily medicinePharmacyNursingOdds ratioCurriculumClinical psychologyPsychologyInternal medicine

Abstract

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Background: Clinician burnout is a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. It is associated with reduced quality of care, as well as the occurrence of medical errors and mental illness. Although burnout has been extensively studied in populations of physicians and nurses, there is limited research assessing burnout in pharmacists and their exposure to burnout-related education. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of burnout and its associated risk factors among hospital pharmacists and to explore the status of preventive programs in pharmacy school curricula. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists working in the province of Ontario, Canada. Respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and responded to questions about career characteristics and professional satisfaction. A multivariable regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with burnout. In addition, all pharmacy schools in Canada were surveyed electronically about their burnout-prevention curricula. Results: Of 2465 hospital pharmacists in Ontario, 270 responded (11% response rate). Most respondents were women (77% [195/252]) and were working full-time (90% [227/252]), with a substantial proportion working in the acute care setting (39% [96/246]). The burnout rate was 61.1% (165/270; 95% confidence interval 55.5%–66.8%). Factors independently associated with burnout were dissatisfaction with work–life balance (odds ratio [OR] 2.62, p = 0.005) and feeling that contributions were unappreciated (OR 2.60, p = 0.019). Of those whose MBI score indicated burnout, 23% (36/158) were not aware of experiencing burnout. All 10 Canadian pharmacy schools responded to the survey, with 9 (90%) reporting that they did not have burnout-prevention curricula; however, 8 (80%) reported interest in incorporating such material. Conclusions: The rate of burnout among hospital pharmacists in Ontario was high, and preventive action is needed. Opportunities exist to both improve pharmacists’ resilience at the undergraduate level and reduce institutional stressors in the workplace. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’épuisement professionnel du clinicien est un syndrome lié au travail qui se caractérise par une fatigue émotionnelle, une dépersonnalisation et l’amoindrissement des réalisations personnelles. Il est associé à la réduction de la qualité des soins, à la survenance d’erreurs médicales et à la maladie mentale. Bien que ce sujet ait fait l’objet d’études approfondies dans les populations de médecins et d’infirmiers, les recherches qui se penchent sur l’épuisement des pharmaciens et la possibilité qui leur est offerte de bénéficier de formations relatives à l’épuisement sont limitées. Objectifs : Déterminer la prévalence du surmenage professionnel et des facteurs de risque qui lui sont associés parmi les pharmaciens d’hôpitaux et examiner les programmes de prévention dans les formations en école de pharmacie. Méthode : Une enquête transversale en ligne a été menée auprès des pharmaciens hospitaliers travaillant en Ontario, au Canada. Les répondants ont rempli le Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) [Evaluation du syndrome de l’épuisement professionnel de Maslach] et répondu à des questions portant sur les caractéristiques d’emploi et la satisfaction professionnelle. Une analyse de régression multivariable a permis de déterminer les facteurs indépendamment associés à l’épuisement. De plus, une enquête électronique portant sur le programme de prévention de l’épuisement a été menée dans toutes les écoles de pharmacie au Canada. Résultats : Sur les 2465 pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario, 270 ont répondu (taux de réponse de 11 %). La plupart des répondants étaient des femmes (77 % [195/252]) travaillant à temps plein (90 % [227/252]); une part importante travaillait dans un environnement de soins aigus (39 % [96/246]). Le taux d’épuisement était de 61,1 % (165/270, intervalle de confiance 95 % 55,5 %-66,8 %). Les facteurs indépendamment associés à l’épuisement étaient l’insatisfaction liée à l’équilibre entre sa vie professionnelle et sa vie personnelle (rapport de cotes [RC] 2,62, p = 0,005) et l’impression d’un manque d’appréciation de sa contribution (RC 2,60, p = 0,019). Parmi les personnes dont le score MBI indiquait un épuisement professionnel, 23 % (36/158) ne savaient pas qu’elles en étaient victimes. Les dix écoles de pharmacie canadiennes ont répondu à l’enquête et neuf (90 %) ont rapporté ne pas avoir de programme axé sur la prévention de l’épuisement professionnel, cependant, huit (80 %) ont montré leur intérêt pour un tel programme. Conclusions : Le taux d’épuisement professionnel parmi les pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario était élevé et des actions préventives sont nécessaires. Les possibilités existent pour améliorer la résilience des pharmaciens au niveau du premier cycle universitaire et réduire les facteurs de stress institutionnels sur le lieu de travail.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.097
Threshold uncertainty score0.193

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.389
Teacher spread0.349 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations21
Published2021
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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