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Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report
A. Abed Abud, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, David Adams, M. Adinolfi, Antoni Aduszkiewicz, Zahid Ahmad, Jamal Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, A. Alton, P. Amedo, John Anderson, C Andreopoulos, M. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, Н. Анфимов, Artur M. Ankowski, M. Antonova, Stefan Antusch, Alfredo Aranda, A. Ariga, L. Arnold, M. A. Arroyave, J. Asaadi, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, M. Ayala-Torres, F. Azfar, A. Back, Henning Back, J. J. Back, Chris Backhouse, P. Baesso, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, S. Balasubramanian, P. Baldi, B. Baller, B. Bambah, F. Barão, Gabriela Barenboim, G. Barker, W. Barkhouse, C. Barnes, G. Barr, Juan Barranco Monarca, N. Barros, J. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, V. Basque, E. Belchior, James Battat, F. Battisti, F. Bay, J. Alba, J. F. Beacom, E. Bechetoille, B. Behera, Leo Bellantoni, G. Bellettini, Vincenzo Bellini, O. Beltramello, D. Belver, N. Benekos, F. Neves, S. Berkman, P. Bernardini, R. M. Berner, H. Berns, S. Bertolucci, M. Betancourt, Alejandro Soto Rodríguez, M. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhuller, B. Bhuyan, S. Biagi, J. Bian, M. Biassoni, B. Bilki, M. Bishai, A. Bitadze, A. Blake, F. Blaszczyk, G. Blazey, J. G. Boissevain, S. Bolognesi, T. Bolton, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, F. Bonini, A. Booth, C.N. Booth, S. Bordoni, A. Borkum, T. Boschi, N. Bostan, P. Bour, C. Bourgeois, S. Boyd, D. Boyden, J. Bracinik, D. Braga, D. Brailsford, A. Brandt, J. Bremer, C. Brew, E. Brianne, S. Brice, C. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, J. J. Brooke, A. Bross, G. Brunetti, N. J. Buchanan, H. Budd, I. Cagnoli, D. Caiulo, P. Calafiura, J. Calcutt, M. Calin, S. Calvez, E. Calvo, A. Caminata, M. Campanelli, K. Cankocak, D. Caratelli, G. Carini, B. Carlus, P. Carniti, I. Terrazas, H. Carranza, T. X. Carroll, J. F. Castaño Forero, A. Castillo, C. Castromonte, E. Catano-Mur, C. Cattadori, F. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, S. Centro, A. Cervelli, A. Cervera Villanueva, M. Chalifour, A. Chappell, E. Chardonnet, N. Charitonidis, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Cherdack, C.Y. Chi, S. Childress, A. Chiriacescu, G. Chisnall, K. Cho, S. Choate, D. Chokheli, Sandhya Choubey, A. Christensen, D. Christian, G. Christodoulou, A. Chukanov, E. Church, V. Cicero, P. E. L. Clarke, T. Coan, A.G. Cocco, J. A. B. Coelho, E. Conley, R. Conley, J. M. Conrad, M. Convery, S. Copello, L. A. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, J. I. Crespo-Anadón, Esteban Cristaldo, Ryan Cross, A. Cudd, C. Cuesta, Yanou Cui, D. Cussans, M. Dabrowski, O. Dalager, H. da Motta, Laurent Peres, C. David, Q. David, G. S. Davies, J. Dawson, K. De, R. M. de Almeida, P. Debbins, I. De Bonis, M. P. Decowski, Andrea L. Gouvea, P. C. de Holanda, I. de Icaza Astiz, A. Deisting, Paul de Jong, A. Delbart, D. Delépine, M. Delgado, A. Dell’Acqua, Patrick de Lurgio, C. Densham, G. Deptuch, A. De Roeck, V. De Romeri, Gredson Keiff Souza, R. Dharmapalan, F. Díaz, J.J Diaz, S. Di Domizio, L. Di Giulio, P. F. Ding, L. Di Noto, C. Distefano, Z. Djurcic, M. Diwan, Z. Djurcic, N. Dokania, S. Dolan, M. J. Dolinski, L. Domine, D. Douglas, D. Douillet, G. Drake, F. Drielsma, D. Duchesneau, K. Duffy, P. Dunne, T. Durkin, Hongyue Duyang, O. Dvornikov, D. A. Dwyer, A. Dyshkant, M. Eads, A. Earle, Daniel Edmunds, J. Eisch, L. Emberger, S. Emery, A. Ereditato, C. Escobar, G. Eurin, J. J. Evans, Erin Ewart, A. C. Ezeribe, Kevin Fahey, A. Falcone, C. Farnese, Y. Farzan, J. Félix, M. Silva, E. Fernández-Martínez, Paula Freijedo Menendez, F. Ferraro, L. Fields, F. Filthaut, A. Fiorentini, R. S. Fitzpatrick, W. Flanagan, B. Fleming, R. Flight, Diego A. Forero, J. Fowler, W. Fox, J. Franc, D. Franco, J. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, A. Friedland, S. Fuess, I. Furic, A. P. Furmanski, A. Gabrielli, A. Gago, H. Gallagher, A. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, N. Gallice, V. Galymov, E. Gamberini, T. Gamble, Rajesh T. Gandhi, R. P. Gandrajula, F. Gao, Shan Gao, D. García-Gámez, S. Gardiner, D. Gastler, G. Ge, B. Gelli, A. Gendotti, Susannah Gent, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam, D. Gibin, I. Gil‐Botella, C. Girerd, A. Giri, D. Gnani, O. Gogota, M. Gold, S. Gollapinni, K. Gollwitzer, R. A. Gomes, Laura Vanessa Gomez Bermeo, Luz Gomez Fajardo, F. Gonnella, J. González-Cuevas, D. González-Díaz, M. Goodman, O. Goodwin, Sreetama Goswami, C. Gotti, E. Goudzovski, C. Grace, M. T. Graham, R. Gran, E. Granados, P. Granger, A. Grant, C. Grant, D. Gratieri, P. Green, Joel Greer, W. C. Griffith, M. Groh, J. Grudzinski, K. Grzelak, W. Gu, V. Guarino, R. Guenette, C. Guérard, M. Guerzoni, A. Guglielmi, B. Guo, K. K. Guthikonda, R. Gutierrez, P. Guzowski, M. M. Guzzo, S. Gwon, A. Habig, H. K. Hadavand, Rolf Haenni, A. Hahn, J. Haiston, P. Hamacher-Baumann, T. Hamernik, Philip Hamilton, J. Han, D. Harris, J. Hartnell, J. Harton, T. Hasegawa, Ciaran Hasnip, R. Hatcher, Kirk Hatfield, A. Hatzikoutelis, C. Hayes, E. Hazen, A. Heavey, K. M. Heeger, J. Heise, K. Hennessy, Sarah Henry, Miguel Angel Hernandez Morquecho, K. Herner, Lars Hertel, J. Hewes, A. Higuera, T. Hill, S. J. Hillier, A. Himmel, J. Hoff, Carole Hohl, A. Holin, E. W. Hoppe, G. A. Horton-Smith, Matheus Hostert, A. Hourlier, B. Howard, R. Howell, J. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, G. Iles, N. Ilic, M. Iliescu, R. Illingworth, Gianfranco Ingratta, A. Ioannisian, L. Isenhower, R. Itay, A. Izmaylov, Stephen Jackson, V. Jain, E. James, B. Jargowsky, F. Jediny, C. Jena, Yuna Jeong, C. Jesús-Valls, X. Ji, L. Jiang, S. Jiménez, A. Jipa, R. A. Johnson, N. Johnston, B. J. P. Jones, S. Jones, M. Judah, C. K. Jung, T. R. Junk, Y.-J. Jwa, M. Kabirnezhad, A. Kaboth, І. Каденко, I. Kakorin, F. Kamiya, N. Kaneshige, G. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, Armin Karcher, M. Karolak, Y. Karyotakis, S. Kasai, S.P. Kasetti, L. Kashur, N. Kazaryan, E. Kearns, P. Keener, Kevin J. Kelly, E. Kemp, O. Kemularia, W. Ketchum, S. H. Kettell, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, D. Kim, B. King, Brian P. Kirby, M. Kirby, J. Klein, K. Koehler, Lucas J. Koerner, S. Kohn, P. P. Koller, L. Kolupaeva, M. Kordosky, T. Kosc, U. Köse, V. Alan Kostelecký, K. Kothekar, F. Krennrich, I. Kreslo, Y. Kudenko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Kulagin, Jason Kumar, Rajeev Kumar, P. Kunze, N. Kurita, C. Kuruppu, V. Kůs, T. Kutter, A. Lambert, B. Land, K. Lande, C. Lane, K. Lang, T. Langford, J. Larkin, P. Lasorak, D. Last, C. Lastoria, A. Laundrie, G. Laurenti, A. Lawrence, I. Lazanu, R. LaZur, Taoran Le, S. Leardini, J. G. Learned, P. Lebrun, T. LeCompte, G. Lehmann Miotto, Ralf Lehnert, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Leitner, L. Li, Shirley Weishi Li, Y. Li, H. Liao, C. S. Lin, Qing Lin, Shukuan Lin, A. Lister, B. R. Littlejohn, J. Liu, S. Lockwitz, T. Loew, M. V. Lokajíček, I. Lomidze, K. Long, Kai Loo, D. Lorca, T. Lord, J. M. LoSecco, W. C. Louis, X.-G. Lu, X. Luo, N. Lurkin, T. Lux, V. P. Luzio, D. B. MacFarlane, A.A. Machado, P. Machado, C. T. Macias, J. Macier, A. Maddalena, A. Madera, P. Madigan, S. Magill, K. B. M. Mahn, A. Major, J.A. Maloney, G. Mandrioli, R. C. Mandujano, J. Maneira, L. Manenti, S. Manly, A. Mann, K. Manolopoulos, M. Manrique Plata, Venkata Narasimha Manyam, L. Manzanillas, M. Marchan, A. Marchionni, William J. Marciano, D. Marfatia, C. Mariani, J. Maricic, Rodolphe Marie, F. Marinho, A. D. Marino, D. Marsden, M. Marshak, C. Marshall, J. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, Narei Lorenzo Martinez, David Caicedo, K. Mason, A. Mastbaum, Mehedi Masud, S. Matsuno, J. Matthews, C. Mauger, N. Mauri, K. Mavrokoridis, Isobel Mawby, R. Mazza, A. Mazzacane, E. Mazzucato, T. McAskill, E. Mccluskey, N. McConkey, K. S. McFarland, C. McGrew, A. McNab, A. Mefodiev, Poonam Mehta, P. Melas, O. Mena, S. Menary, H. Mendez, D. P. Méndez, A. Menegolli, G. Meng, M. D. Messier, W. Metcalf, T. Mettler, M. Mewes, H. Meyer, T. Miao, G. Michna, T. Miedema, J. Migenda, V. Mikola, R. Milincic, W. Miller, J. Mills, Cody Milne, O. Mineev, O. Miranda, Sandeep Miryala, C. Mishra, S. Mishra, A. Mislivec, D. Mladenov, I. Mocioiu, K. Moffat, N. Moggi, R. Mohanta, T. Mohayai, N. Mokhov, J. Molina, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montanari, E. Montagna, L. Montaño Zetina, J. Moon, M. Mooney, A. Moor, D. Moreno, C. Morris, C. Mossey, E. Motuk, C. A. Moura, J. Mousseau, W. Mu, L. Mualem, J. Mueller, M. Muether, S. Mufson, F. Muheim, A. Muir, Michael Mulhearn, D. Munford, H. Muramatsu, S. Murphy, J. Musser, J. Nachtman, S. Nagu, M. Nalbandyan, R. Nandakumar, D. Naples, S. Narita, D. Navas-Nicolás, A. Navrer-Agasson, N. Nayak, M. Nebot-Guinot, K. Negishi, J. Nelson, J. Nesbit, M. Nessi, D. Newbold, M. Newcomer, D. Newhart, H. Newton, M. Niccolo, R. Nichol, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos, E. Niner, K. Nishimura, A. Norman, A. Norrick, R. Northrop, P. Novella, J. Nowak, M. Oberling, J. P. Ochoa‐Ricoux, Adrià Tauste Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, Y. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, J. Ott, Luca Pagani, Sandip Pakvasa, Guillermo Palacio, O. Palamara, S. Palestini, J. Paley, M. Pallavicini, C. Palomares, J. L. Palomino-Gallo, V. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, R. Papaleo, A. Papanestis, S. Paramesvaran, Stephen Parke, Z. Parsa, M. Parvu, S. Pascoli, L. Pasqualini, J. Pasternak, J. R. Pater, C. Patrick, L. Patrizii, R. B. Patterson, S. Patton, T. Patzak, A. Paudel, B. Paulos, L. Paulucci, Z. Pavlovic, G. Pawloski, D. Payne, V. Pec, S. J. M. Peeters, E. Pennacchio, A. Penzo, O. L. G. Peres, James Perry, D. Pershey, G. Pessina, G. Petrillo, C. Petta, R. Petti, F. Piastra, L. Pickering, F. Pietropaolo, R. Plunkett, R. Poling, Xavier Pons, N. Poonthottathil, Francesco Poppi, S. Pordes, J. Porter, M. Potekhin, R. Potenza, B. Potukuchi, J. Pozimski, M. Pozzato, S. Prakash, T. Prakash, S. Prince, D. Pugnère, X. Qian, M. C. Q. Bazetto, J. L. Raaf, V. Radeka, J. Rademacker, B. Radics, A. Rafique, E. Raguzin, Mudit Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, I. Rakhno, A. Rakotonandrasana, L. Rakotondravohitra, Y. Ramachers, R. Rameika, B. Ramson, A. Rappoldi, G.L. Raselli, P. N. Ratoff, S. Raut, R.F. Razakamiandra, J. S. Réal, B. Rebel, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, T. Rehak, Juergen Reichenbacher, S. Reitzner, Haifa Rejeb Sfar, A. Renshaw, S. Rescia, F. Resnati, A. Reynolds, C. Riccio, G. Riccobene, L. C. J. Rice, J. S. Ricol, A. Rigamonti, Y. Rigaut, D. Rivera, L. Rochester, M. Roda, P. Rodrigues, E. Bonilla, J. Rodriguez Rondon, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz, M. Rosenberg, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M. Rossella, J. Rout, P. Roy, S. Roy, A. Rubbia, Francisco Rubio, B. Russell, D. Ruterbories, R. Saakyan, S. Sacerdoti, T. Safford, R. Sahay, N. Sahu, P. Sala, N. Samios, O. Samoylov, M. C. Sánchez, D. A. Sanders, D. P. C. Sankey, S. Santana, M. Santos-Maldonado, N. Saoulidou, P. Sapienza, Carlos Sarasty, Ina Sarčević, G. Savage, V. Savinov, A. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, T. Schaffer, H. Schellman, P. Schlabach, D. Schmitz, K. Scholberg, A. Schukraft, E. Segreto, J. Sensenig, I. Seong, A. Sergi, D. Sgalaberna, M. H. Shaevitz, S. Shafaq, M. Shamma, R. Sharankova, M. Sharma, R. Sharma, T. Shaw, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Seodong Shin, D. Shooltz, R. Shrock, L. Simard, F. Simon, N. Simos, J. Sinclair, G. Sinev, J. Singh, Jaydip Singh, V. Singh, R. Sipos, F. W. Sippach, G. Sirri, A. Sitraka, K. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas VIII, A. Smith, Erica Smith, P. Smith, J. Smolik, M. B. Smy, P. Snopok, Mônica Soares Nunes, H. Sobel, M. Söderberg, C. J. Solano Salinas, S. Söldner‐Rembold, S. R. Soleti, N. Solomey, V. N. Solovov, W. E. Sondheim, M. Sorel, J. Soto-Otón, A. Sousa, K. Soustruznik, F. Spagliardi, M. Spanu, J. Spitz, N.J.C. Spooner, K. Spurgeon, R. Staley, M. Stancari, L. Stanco, R. Stanley, R. Stein, H. Steiner, J. Stewart, B. Stillwell, J. Stock, F. Stocker, T. Stokes, M. Strait, T. Strauss, S. Striganov, A. Stuart, Juan Suarez, H. Sullivan, D. Summers, A. Surdo, V. Susic, L. Suter, C. Sutera, R. Svoboda, Barbara Szczerbinska, A. M. Szelc, R. Talaga, H. Tanaka, B. Tapia Oregui, A. Tapper, S. Tariq, E. Tatar, R. Tayloe, A. Teklu, M. Tenti, K. Terao, C. A. Ternes, F. Terranova, G. Testera, A. Thea, J. Thompson, C. Thorn, S.C. Timm, J. Todd, A. Tonazzo, D. Torbunov, M. Torti, M. Tórtola, F. Tortorici, D. Totani, M. Toups, C. Touramanis, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, J. Trevor, S. Trilov, W. H. Trzaska, Y.-T. Tsai, Z. Tsamalaidze, K. V. Tsang, N. Tsverava, S. Tufanli, C. Tull, E. Tyley, M. Tzanov, M. Uchida, J. Urheim, T. Usher, S. Uzunyan, M. R. Vagins, P. Vahle, G. A. Valdiviesso, E. Valencia, P. Valerio, Z. Vallari, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, R. Van Berg, R. G. Van de Water, F. Varanini, D. Vargas, G. Varner, J. Vasel, S. Vasina, G. Vasseur, Noah Vaughan, K. Vaziri, S. Ventura, S. Vergani, M. A. Vermeulen, M. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, H. Souza, C. Vignoli, C. Vilela, B. Viren, T. Vrba, T. Wąchała, A. V. Waldron, M. Wallbank, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, T. K. Warburton, D. Warner, M. O. Wascko, D. Waters, Alan Watson, P. Weatherly, A. Weber, M. Weber, H. Wei, A. Weinstein, D. Wenman, M. Wetstein, A. White, L. Whitehead, D. Whittington, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, Z. Williams, F. F. Wilson, R. J. Wilson, J. Wolcott, T. Wongjirad, A. Wood, R. Kevin Wood, E. Worcester, M. Worcester, C. Wret, Wei Wu, W. Wu, Y. J. Xiao, E. Yandel, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, A. Yankelevich, N. Yershov, K. Yonehara, T. Young, B. Yu, H. W. Yu, J. S. Yu, W. L. Yuan, R. Zaki, J. Zalesak, Laura Zambelli, B. Zamorano, A. Zani, L. Zazueta, G. Zeit, Geralyn P. Zeller, J. Zennamo, K. Zeug, C. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Zhivun, G. Zhu, P. Zilberman, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zucchelli, J. Zuklin, V. Zutshi, R. Zwaska
Bibliographic record
VenueInstruments · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoYork University
FundersScience and Technology Facilities Council
KeywordsNeutrinoPhysicsDetectorNeutrino detectorNeutrino oscillationSupernovaParticle physicsUniverseAstronomyNuclear physicsAstrophysicsOptics
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.007
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.018
Threshold uncertainty score0.059
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.045
GPT teacher head0.309
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreMethods
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations211
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes