High-Speed Writing of Volume Gratings Inside of Transparent Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The laser inscription of the volume gratings in transparent materials by inducing localized refractive index modification [1] is promising for generating internal colouring effects in flexible designs for wide ranging applications. Nano-explosion of open cavity voids such as provided by elongated laser filaments in glasses [2] are further appealing for enabling high diffraction efficiency due to the large refractive index contrast. While Bessel beams [3] have been widely employed to induce high aspect ratio laser modifications, our group has studied the interplay between Kerr and plasma focusing and surface aberration in forming long filaments in glasses [4] . Spatial light modulators (SLM) present additional opportunities in beam shaping and splitting [5] to enable high resolution multi-positioned interaction volumes of 3D periodic nanostructure. The extension of such techniques to transparent polymers have not be widely explored. Moreover, the point-by-point fabrication technique is slow, time consuming, and prone to positioning errors in 3D space. This paper presents new prospects for high-speed structuring of 3D photonic gratings in polymers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".