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Record W3203161233 · doi:10.1017/cyl.2021.20

Lutter autrement contre la corruption transnationale: potentiel et défis du système de sanctions de la Banque mondiale

2021· article· fr· W3203161233 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
LOUISA GRIGORYAN, Amissi Manirabona

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international · 2021
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicInternational Arbitration and Investment Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceSanctionsHumanitiesPhilosophyLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Résumé Depuis le milieu des années 1990, les principales Banques multilatérales de développement (BMD) jouent un rôle actif dans la lutte contre la corruption transnationale. La Banque mondiale (BM), suivie par les autres grandes banques régionales de développement, ont mis au point un système de sanctions appliqué aux entreprises et individus qui se livrent à des pratiques de corruption dans le cadre des projets d’investissements qu’elles financent. Les cinq grandes BMD ont récemment harmonisé leurs stratégies de lutte contre la corruption dans leurs opérations, en adoptant des définitions harmonisées des pratiques répréhensibles et des principes et directives communs pour les enquêtes. En 2010, ces dernières ont établi un système d’application mutuelle des décisions d’exclusion. Il s’agit clairement de mesures considérables prises au niveau multilatéral qui contribuent à lutter contre le problème de la corruption. Il est donc pertinent d’évaluer leur efficacité. Après avoir procédé à un examen approfondi et à une analyse critique du système de sanctions de la BM, le présent article conclut que malgré son importance, il n’est pas encore à la hauteur de ses ambitions de sanctionner et dissuader les acteurs internationaux corrompus. Par conséquent, l’article propose des solutions visant à améliorer ce système dont la nécessité n’est plus à démontrer.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.009
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.018
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.027
Threshold uncertainty score0.072

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0090.018
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0030.006
Scholarly communication0.0100.002
Open science0.0010.005
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.207
Teacher spread0.201 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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