Historical Changes in the Davis Strait Baffin Bay Surface Winds and Waves, 1979–2016
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents and analyzes Environment Canada’s Davis Strait Baffin Bay (EC-DSBB) Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1979–2016 to characterize the historical changes in the surface wind speed and ocean surface waves. The trend analysis is carried out only for the months of May–December, when there is a significant ice-free sea area. The results show that 10-m wind speed ( W s ) has increased significantly in most areas of the domain in September–December, with some significant decreases over the open water area in June and July. The W s increases are most extensive in September, with significant increases in both the mean and extremes. It is also shown that the mean wind direction ( W d ) has a distinctive seasonal variation, being mainly northward and northwestward in June–August, and predominantly southward and southeastward in May and September–December. The most notable changes in W d are seen in June. The results also show that significant wave height ( H s ) and wave power ( W p ) have significantly increased in September–December and decreased in June. For example, the September regional mean H s has increased at a rate of 0.4% yr −1 . In September–December, the local W s increases seem to be the main driver for the H s and W p increases, but the southeastward direction is favored by increasing fetch as sea ice retreats. In September and December, the positive trend in both W s and H s has intensified in the 2001–16. In June, however, the mean W d and the changes therein also play an important role in the H s changes, which are more affected by remotely generated waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".